Silicon germanium inoculants feem ntau yog siv rau nyias-walled thiab tuab, nyias thiab tsis sib xws castings xws li piston nplhaib. Cov kua roj silicon germanium inoculant muaj cov roj ntsha tsim nyog, thiab cov nyhuv inoculation muaj zog. Tsawg dua li 2% ntawm cov antimony muaj qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev txhim kho graphite morphology, txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tshooj cross-section uniformity, thiab ua kom ntev ntev ntawm kev loj hlob thiab poob ntawm cov hlau grey thiab cov hlau ductile. Ob qho tib si strontium thiab strontium koom nrog cov hlau terroir, thiab lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev sib deev ntev yog qhov zoo ib yam. Nws feem ntau ntseeg tau tias thaum cov pawg eutectic nce, qhov seem ntawm shrinkage ntawm cam khwb cia hlau nce, tus naj npawb ntawm eutectic pawg poob qis, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov pob zeb dawb nce ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntawm strontium ferrosilicon tsis muaj peev xwm nce ntau ntawm cov pawg eutectic, tab sis nws yog qhov muaj zog heev tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj dawb muaj peev xwm yog qhov zoo los txo qis ntsws ntawm castings. Qhov inoculant muaj qis dua 0.1% calcium, txo kev tsim slag, thiab txhim kho kev muaj peev xwm ntawm kab laum. Piston ntiv nplhaib castings yog nws nquag lub qhov huab cua me me. Cov neeg tsim khoom siv yuav tsum tau txhuas uas muaj tsawg dua 0.2% lossis 0.3%. Nyias-walled castings rau lub taub hau kheej kheej muaj tsawg dua 0.5% txhuas, uas txuag nqi thiab tsim cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua. zoo heev.
Silicon zirconium inoculants tau ua tiav zoo hauv xyoo tas los. Raws li lub tshuab pa roj carbon monoxide-ua kua, cov kua roj silicon muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev sib deev, kev sib tshooj zoo sib luag, thiab qhov sib txawv me me ntawm qhov sib txawv. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb, zirconium, reacts nrog nitrogen los ua ib qho nitride uas ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam tsawg nitrogen, txwv tsis pub thim rov qab nitrogen los ntawm molten iron, thiab inhibits gestational poob. Lub tshuab cua cupola yog ob chav sib xyaw nrog hluav taws xob ua cua sov. Lub sij hawm sib cuag ntawm molten hlau ntev. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg dua tom qab qhov kub nce hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab lub qhov ncauj dawb zoo li nce. Nrog cov nyhuv inoculation ntawm silicon zirconium, cov nyhuv inoculation zoo tuaj yeem tau txais. Zirconium thiab titanium yog tib pawg me. Zirconium yog qhov muaj zog carbide tsim cov khoom, uas ua rau lub hauv paus austenite thiab kho cov nplej, thiaj li ua rau lub zog ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau. Lub austenite hauv cov hlau yog yaj hauv N, thiab qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm seem ntawm cov khoom seem yog loj. Kev siv cov silicon zirconium tuaj yeem hais txog cov nyhuv zirconium. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntxaij ntoo sib xyaw ntawm cov carbides thiab oxides ntawm zirconium, hafnium thiab niobium yog nyob ze rau cov graphite, tab sis qhov sib koom nrog cov pa yog tsis muaj zog, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidation tshwm sim nrog hysteresis, yog li lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv kev rov qab muaj zog. Carbides thiab nitrides tsim los ntawm cov zr me me hauv molten hlau ua raws li graphite crystal core thiab pab ua rau graphitization. Nws tau hais tias thaum ntxiv cov ntsiab lus xws li magnesium, zirconium thiab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, cov ntsiab lus hydrogen ntawm molten hlau tuaj yeem txo qis. Diav dej hydrogen muaj peev xwm nce qib ntawm supercooling ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, nce kev nyiam ntawm lub qhov ncauj dawb thiab zoo heev txo lub zog tensile thiab plasticity ntawm grey hlau. Txo txo cov roj yaj mus rau lub cev pab txhawm rau txhim kho kev nkag siab zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Hauv kev tsim khoom, lub txaj hom castings siv cov silicon zirconium inoculant, thiab cov khoom seem ntawm lub tsheb, xws li lub tog raj kheej lub hau npog, tau tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.