Abrasive nplejyog cov khoom uas ua rau cov cuab yeej sib tsoo. Nws yog cov khoom siv nrog lub ntsej muag tawv heev thiab ntse, siv los zom cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog qis hardness. Abrasives muab faib ua ob pawg: natural abrasives thiab artificial abrasives. Txhua pawg muaj ntau yam sib txawv subcategories. Txawv abrasives muaj qhov sib txawv particle loj thiab hardness. Thaum siv lawv, lawv yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, xws li hardness, tensile zog, toughness, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
1. Cov ntsiab cai dav dav rau kev xaiv cov nplej abrasive
Feem ntau hais lus, thaum sib tsoo cov khoom siv nrog cov hardness siab dua, cov nplej abrasive nrog siab hardness yuav tsum tau xaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo steel hlau, alloy steel, high-speed steel, cuab yeej steel, thiab lwm yam, yuav tsum tau siv dawb aluminium oxide abrasives nrog hardness siab dua; Thaum sib tsoo cov khoom siv nrog lub zog tensile siab, abrasives uas muaj zog toughness yuav tsum tau xaiv. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo carbon steel, cam khwb cia hlau alloy steel, nyuaj bronze, thiab lwm yam., xim av aluminium oxide abrasives yuav tsum tau siv zog toughness; Thaum sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj zog tensile, nkig los yog muaj zog silicon carbide abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv. Piv txwv li, kev sib tsoo cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, roj hmab, tawv, yas, thiab lwm yam yog tsim rau dub silicon carbide li abrasive, thaum sib tsoo cemented carbide, iav kho qhov muag, cov ntaub ntawv ceramic, thiab lwm yam yog tsim rau ntsuab silicon carbide li abrasive; SG thiab CBN vitrified sib tsoo cov cuab yeej yog dav siv rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj-rau-sib tsoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau muab kev ua si tag nrho rau qhov zoo ntawm ntau yam abrasive nplej hauv kev sib tsoo thiab ua kom zoo tshaj qhov sib tsoo, cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke kuj tau siv dav. Piv txwv li, kev sib tsoo lub log rau crankshaft sib tsoo thiab spherical bearing sab hauv thiab sab nrauv sib tsoo yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas cov dawb aluminium oxide nrog cov xim av aluminium oxide nrog siab toughness hais saum toj no los ua ib qho sib xyaw abrasive, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm ob qho tib si. Thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, lub siab toughness ntawm xim av corundum tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau hauv kev ua si, thaum qee qhov brittleness thiab zoo thermal conductivity ntawm dawb aluminium oxide tuaj yeem raug coj los ua si. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib tsoo ntxhib ntawm cobalt-based alloy iav hniav tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ib qho siv lead ua thiab microcrystalline abrasives; lub sib tsoo log rau aluminium high-speed steel yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm xim av aluminium oxide thiab ntsuab silicon carbide.
2. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus rau kev xaiv abrasive grain loj
Lub grain loj yog ib qho parameter uas piav txog qhov roughness ntawm abrasive nto. Qhov loj dua tus nqi ntawm cov qoob loo loj, qhov me me ntawm cov khoom abrasive thiab qhov me ntawm qhov roughness. Thaum xaiv cov nplej loj ntawm cov abrasive, nws yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev ua haujlwm raug, workpiece nto roughness thiab sib tsoo efficiency.
Feem ntau hais lus, yog hais tias lub workpiece yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug ntau roughness, ces coarse-grained abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv; conversely, yog hais tias lub workpiece nto roughness yuav tsum tau qis dua, ces fine-grained abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Yog hais tias lub workpiece muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siab rau qhov tseeb geometric, ces qhov chaw sib cuag ntawm lub log sib tsoo thiab lub workpiece kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau xav txog. Thaum qhov chaw sib cuag me me, cov nplej zoo yuav tsum tau xaiv; Thaum qhov chaw sib cuag loj, cov nplej ntxhib yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Thaum lub workpiece xav tau ob qho tib si siab geometric raug thiab qis nto roughness, mix-grained abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Yog tias cov khoom siv ua haujlwm nyuaj thiab nkig, nws tsis tsim nyog siv coarse-grained abrasives, tab sis zoo-grained abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv; Piv txwv li, yog tias cov khoom yog tawv thiab tawv, coarse-grained abrasives yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Yog hais tias lub workpiece muaj thermal conductivity tsis zoo, nws yooj yim rau cua sov thiab deformation, los yog nws yuav kub hnyiab tau, ces yuav tsum tau xaiv ib coarser abrasive.
3. Cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev xaiv cov cuab yeej abrasive hardness
Lub hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo yog hais txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov nplej abrasive hauv cov abrasive kom poob tawm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm sib tsoo. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo, qhov tsawg dua qhov abrasives yuav poob. Lub hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo feem ntau muab faib ua xya theem: super mos, mos, nruab nrab mos, nruab nrab, nruab nrab nyuaj, nyuaj thiab super nyuaj. Txhua qib tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb theem me me.
Ntxiv nrog rau hom abrasive uas ua rau lub log sib tsoo, lub hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo kuj nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov binder ntxiv thiab qhov ntom ntawm cov abrasive. Qhov nyuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo, qhov zoo dua, vim tias cov nplej abrasive hauv cov abrasive yuav blunt sai los yog tom qab, thiab yog tias cov abrasives tshwm sim rau lub sijhawm no, cov cuab yeej sib tsoo tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm sib tsoo nrog cov ntse abrasives. Los ntawm qhov kev pom no, txawm tias lub cuab yeej sib tsoo tsis nyuaj txaus, ua rau cov abrasives poob ntxov dhau, lossis cov cuab yeej sib tsoo nyuaj dhau, ua rau cov abrasives poob lig dhau lawm, nws tsis yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Thaum xaiv qhov hardness ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo, cov hauv qab no feem ntau ua raws li:
Thaum sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, vim cov abrasives feem ntau yuav blunted, thiaj li yuav ua rau cov blunted abrasive grains poob rau lub sij hawm, ib tug sib tsoo cov cuab yeej nrog ib tug me hardness yuav tsum tau xaiv; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv softer, cov abrasives tsis yooj yim rau blunted. Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo kom ntau li ntau tau, yuav tsum xaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo nrog lub hardness loj dua.
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog kiag li. Yog tias cov khoom sib tsoo tsis yog tsuas yog muag xwb tab sis kuj muaj zog dua, xws li cov hlau tsis muaj hlau xws li tooj liab thiab txhuas, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cuab yeej sib tsoo. Txhawm rau zam qhov teeb meem no, yuav tsum xaiv cov cuab yeej sib tsoo nrog lub hardness me me.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib hloov ceev ntawm kev sib tsoo lub log thiab qhov chaw sib cuag nrog lub workpiece kuj tseem yuav tsum tau xav txog. Thaum lub sib tsoo log linear ceev yog tsawg thiab qhov chaw sib cuag nrog lub workpiece yog me me, nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv ib tug sib tsoo cov cuab yeej nrog ib tug loj hardness; Thaum lub sib tsoo log linear ceev yog siab thiab qhov chaw sib cuag nrog lub workpiece yog loj, nws yog tsim nyog los xaiv ib tug sib tsoo cov cuab yeej nrog ib tug me me hardness.
Rau cov workpieces uas tsis zoo thermal conductivity, yooj yim deformation, thiab yooj yim hlawv, lub loj kub generated thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhuav sib tsoo, tsis zoo rau workpiece. Abrasives nrog qis hardness yuav tsum tau xaiv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cua sov tsim tawm qis dua, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, ib feem ntawm cov cua sov tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov khoom abrasive.
Thaum kawg, thaum muaj cov kev xav tau siab rau kev sib tsoo efficiency, abrasives nrog qis hardness tuaj yeem xaiv; Thaum cov kev xav tau rau roughness qis dua, abrasives uas muaj zog dua tuaj yeem xaiv tau.
